Libreville, Gabon – Gabon has passed a referendum enabling its transitional military leader, General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, to contest upcoming elections as part of a new constitutional framework. The referendum, held on November 16, 2024, introduced a series of political reforms but drew criticism for potentially consolidating the junta’s power under the guise of transitioning to civilian rule.
The military government, which seized power in a bloodless coup in August 2023, promised reforms and eventual elections. The new constitution abolishes the prime minister’s position, introduces a seven-year presidential term renewable once, and gives the president authority to dissolve parliament. Critics argue these changes grant excessive power to the executive, potentially undermining democratic principles
Among the reforms, the constitution also sets August 30 as “Liberation Day” to commemorate the coup that ousted Ali Bongo Ondimba. It further grants amnesty to those involved in the coup and proposes mandatory military service. These measures have sparked concerns that the new charter legitimizes the junta’s grip on power while sidelining the democratic transition.
The referendum was supported by 91% of voters, with a 53% turnout, though opposition figures argue it was rushed and insufficiently transparent. Observers have highlighted that limited access to information and uneven campaigning could have skewed public opinion
While the military government portrays the constitution as a step towards democracy, critics claim it paves the way for General Nguema to extend his rule under a civilian guise, as he has not ruled out running in the next presidential election
The move reflects broader debates in Africa over military interventions and the challenges of transitioning to inclusive governance.
